What Are Opioid-Induced Constipation Pains?
Aside from providing analgesia, opioid medications have been shown to cause a form of constipation known as opioid-induced constipation pains (OIC). This can happen as an immediate or prolonged side effect of opioid use.
It is common with medications such as codeine, hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. Studies have shown that approximately 4 out of 10 people who take opioids for chronic use suffer from constipation. Evidently, this may also be a symptom of opioid addiction. But how exactly do these pain medications cause constipation?
Opioids relieve pain by binding to mu-opioid receptors. These receptors are distributed throughout the body including in the gastrointestinal system. When opioids bind to these receptors, alterations in gut motility result in the prolonged transit time for stool resulting in very hard and dry stools, feelings of fullness despite emptying, and reduced urge to go. Constipation can cause great discomfort and should be managed as soon as possible.
Natural Ways to Manage Opioid-Induced Constipation
Natural products are some of the best products when it comes to managing OIC as they are cheaper, readily available and have a favorable side effect profile. Some natural products include:
Senna
Senna is a yellow flowing plant whose leaves exhibit some potential laxative effects. It is packaged in various forms including tablets, capsules, as well as tea. Scientific studies have shown that Senna is effective in managing constipation. A study that involved 22 participants showed that when taken daily for six days, Senna reduced constipation and improved general wellbeing. Senna is, however, only recommended for short-term use as prolonged usage has proven to cause diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance.
Foods rich in fiber and fiber supplements
Fiber increases the absorption of fluids in the colon resulting in the formation of bulky stools which are easier to pass. Methylcellulose and psyllium are the most common types of fiber supplements that are usually prescribed for constipation. Physicians recommend that aside from taking the bulk supplements, one should drink lots of water to avoid dehydration which can lead to fecal impaction.
Aloe Vera
Aloe Vera has also proven to be useful in the management of constipation. A Study conducted on rats who had loperamide-induced constipation showed that the rats that were rat taking Aloe Vera for constipation showed improved gastric motility and reduced constipation.
Home Remedies for Opioid-Induced Constipation
· Drinking more fluids: It is advised that one drinks approximately 8-10 cups of water a day.
· Eat more fiber-rich foods to normalize bowel movements. Such foods include prunes, raisins, apricots, asparagus, and beans.
· Increased physical activity stimulates intestinal contractions and is likely to improve gastric motility hence reducing constipation.
· Identify some of the foods that trigger constipation and avoid as much as possible.
· Use the cold and warm compress method. By pressing a warm or cold towel against and abdominal wall, one is unable to loosen the muscular tension hence reducing constipation.
If problems persist, seek a physician immediately. Use our physician locator to find the closest physician to correct the opioid-induced constipation pains you or a family member are experiencing.